Spring-快速开始

2020-04-29

Java

字数统计: 1.5k字 | 阅读时长≈ 9分钟

maven构建Spring的简单样例

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument-tomcat -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-messaging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-oxm -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc-portlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-websocket -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

创建Java类

HelloWorld

package com.spring.test;

public class HelloWorld {
    private String message;
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
    public void getMassage() {
        System.out.println("Message :" + message);
    }
}

Main

package com.spring.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
        HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorld");
        obj.getMassage();
    }
}

编写Beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.spring.test.HelloWorld">
        <property name="message" value="Hello World!"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

问题：找不到Beans.xml

报BeanDefinitionStoreException异常

解决办法：pom.xml添加如下:

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

总结

文件目录

pom.xml // maven配置文件，导入依赖、设置build文件
src
--main
  --java // 存放Java类
    --com.spring.test
      --HelloWorld.java
      --Main.java
  --resources // 存放资源文件
    --Beans.xml
--test
target // 存放编译后的文件

xml文件中头部的一些元素的解释

xmlns：默认命名空间
xmlns:xsi：业界默认的用于 XSD(（XML Schema Definition) 文件的命名空间
xsi:schemaLocation：XSD文件的位置
XSD文件：XSD 文件（也常常称为 Schema 文件）是用来定义 xml 文档结构的

参考资料

https://www.w3cschool.cn/wkspring/dgte1ica.html

https://blog.csdn.net/lengxiao1993/article/details/77914155

1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2	<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
3	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
5	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
6
7	<groupId>org.example</groupId>
8	<artifactId>SpringTest</artifactId>
9	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
10	<dependencies>
11	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
12	<dependency>
13	<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
14	<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
15	<version>1.1.1</version>
16	</dependency>
17	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
18	<dependency>
19	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
20	<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
21	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
22	</dependency>
23	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
24	<dependency>
25	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
26	<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
27	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
28	</dependency>
29	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
30	<dependency>
31	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
32	<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
33	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
34	</dependency>
35	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
36	<dependency>
37	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
38	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
39	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
40	</dependency>
41	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
42	<dependency>
43	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
44	<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
45	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
46	</dependency>
47	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
48	<dependency>
49	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
50	<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
51	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
52	</dependency>
53	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
54	<dependency>
55	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
56	<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
57	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
58	</dependency>
59	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument -->
60	<dependency>
61	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
62	<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
63	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
64	</dependency>
65	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument-tomcat -->
66	<dependency>
67	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
68	<artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
69	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
70	</dependency>
71	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
72	<dependency>
73	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
74	<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
75	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
76	</dependency>
77	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms -->
78	<dependency>
79	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
80	<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
81	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
82	</dependency>
83	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-messaging -->
84	<dependency>
85	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
86	<artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
87	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
88	</dependency>
89	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
90	<dependency>
91	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
92	<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
93	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
94	</dependency>
95	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-oxm -->
96	<dependency>
97	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
98	<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
99	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
100	</dependency>
101	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
102	<dependency>
103	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
104	<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
105	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
106	<scope>test</scope>
107	</dependency>
108	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
109	<dependency>
110	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
111	<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
112	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
113	</dependency>
114	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
115	<dependency>
116	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
117	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
118	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
119	</dependency>
120	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
121	<dependency>
122	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
123	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
124	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
125	</dependency>
126	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc-portlet -->
127	<dependency>
128	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
129	<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
130	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
131	</dependency>
132	<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-websocket -->
133	<dependency>
134	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
135	<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
136	<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
137	</dependency>
138
139	</dependencies>
140
141	</project>

1	package com.spring.test;
2
3	public class HelloWorld {
4	private String message;
5	public void setMessage(String message) {
6	this.message = message;
7	}
8	public void getMassage() {
9	System.out.println("Message :" + message);
10	}
11	}

1	package com.spring.test;
2
3	import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4	import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5
6	public class Main {
7	public static void main(String[] args) {
8	ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
9	HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld)context.getBean("helloWorld");
10	obj.getMassage();
11	}
12	}

1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
3	<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
4	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
5	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
7
8	<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.spring.test.HelloWorld">
9	<property name="message" value="Hello World!"/>
10	</bean>
11
12	</beans>

1	<build>
2	<resources>
3	<resource>
4	<directory>src/main/java</directory>
5	<includes>
6	<include>*/.xml</include>
7	</includes>
8	</resource>
9	<resource>
10	<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
11	</resource>
12	</resources>
13	</build>

1	pom.xml // maven配置文件，导入依赖、设置build文件
2	src
3	--main
4	--java // 存放Java类
5	--com.spring.test
6	--HelloWorld.java
7	--Main.java
8	--resources // 存放资源文件
9	--Beans.xml
10	--test
11	target // 存放编译后的文件